Reflection for Palm Sunday / Passion Sunday C
Readings: Isaiah 50: 4-7 (RM) or 4-9a (RCL); Psalm 22 (RM) or Psalm 31 (RCL); Philippians 2: 6-11 (RM) or 5-11 (RCL); Luke 22: 14–23: 56 (RM and RCL) or Luke 23: 1-49 (RCL alt.)
Superheroes, fantasy figures, and children’s fairy tales love the idea that a person can change from one form into another. It might be Spiderman, transforming from the handsome Peter Parker into a web-spinning champion of justice at the first whiff of evil detected by his spider-sense. Or a pumpkin drawn by mice might suddenly shape-shift into a carriage to take a young woman to an elegant ball.
This is wonderful fantasy story material, and it didn’t just gain traction in our times. Ancient Greeks and Romans told stories about their gods changing their form at will, often when a male god tried to seduce a human female. Zeus changed into a swan to seduce the human Leta. (Why a swan? Not sure.) And once in awhile a human could appeal to a god to change her form to escape being molested by some other god– for example, to change her into a tree, roots, branches and all.
When Paul wrote his letter to the Christian community at Philippi, he was addressing people who, for the most part, had grown up in this Greco-Roman world of religious imagination where gods could shape-shift at will. Paul doesn’t claim that Jesus actually did that, but he uses it as an analogy to grapple with the theological difficulty of a crucified god-hero. Crucifixion was reserved for the lowest of criminals.
As we enter into Holy Week and walk again the way of the Cross with Jesus, the tragedy never goes away, but we might forget how utterly illogical, scandalous and terrifying this was. If we grew up seeing a cross or a crucifix in church or at home, the horror was part of the backdrop of our daily life.
Paul uses a pre-existing Christian hymn in Philippians 2: 6-11, adding a phrase of his own – “death on a cross” — to make the reality sharper and more specific:
Christ Jesus, though he was in the form of God
did not regard equality with God something to be grasped.
Rather he emptied himself, taking the form of a slave,
Coming in human likeness;
And, found human in appearance, he humbled himself,
Becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.
The word “form,” morphe in Greek (yes, the root of our expression “to morph” into something else) serves as the pivot between two ideas that could not make a sharper contrast – the “form of God” and the “form of a slave.” The word translated “likeness,” homoimati, can mean just a similarity of appearance. Here Paul is skating on thin ice, as it were: before long, splinter groups within the Christian movement would claim that Christ was never really human, but only a god who looked human. This of course made perfect sense to them from their own culture. But it is not the Christian understanding of who Christ is, then or now.
The stunning mystery here is that God can enter fully in humanity, not superficially or temporarily. Theologians would say that what is not assumed (that is, full human nature) is not redeemed. At this point, we ourselves can begin to enter into the mystery of an incarnate Christ who became subject to the worst atrocity imaginable in his time, or one of them. And in this suffering, God accompanies all those on earth who suffer injustice, or unbearable pain, or undeserved tragedy.
God walks with refugees driven from their homes and land by invading armies or street gangs. God stands beside those who fall from gunfire or who escape abuse in their own homes. God rests beside those who lie in intensive care units, and their loved ones who keep vigil at their side.
The Gospel accounts of the crucifixion are not devoid of the expectation that Jesus will enact a miraculous transformation himself — a self-rescue. Here in Luke’s account the mocking challenge is fairly straightforward:
“If you are King of the Jews, save yourself.”
He doesn’t. Resurrection to new life is not a quick fix, or a shape-shift to escape enemies, or a happy ending to an adventure story.
In the Spirit of Christ, incarnate in our flesh, we find the strength to enter into our own vulnerability and that of our world, because ultimately, by the grace of God, we are more than that. This holy season, this fearful season in which we stand, hushed, before a story of outrageous injustice and terrible pain, leads us to an edge. By faith we know we are not abandoned there. We will be brought to new life.
© Susan K. Roll
*Lightly redacted from the Reflection of April 10, 2022.
Susan Roll retired from the Faculty of Theology at Saint Paul University, Ottawa, in 2018, where she served as Director of the Sophia Research Centre. Her research and publications are centred in the fields of liturgy, sacraments, and feminist theology. She holds a Ph.D. from the Catholic University of Leuven (Louvain), Belgium, and has been involved with international academic societies in liturgy and theology, as well as university chaplaincy, Indigenous ministry and church reform projects.
